「辅导资料」2020年成人高考高起点英语语法误用汇总
- 2019-11-08 14:41:00
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成考考试中英语也是非常让考生头疼的一个科目,除了需要记忆单词外,还有更麻烦的就是英语语法的学习。那么,英语中有哪些语法是经常被误用的呢?如:不定式、副词、所有格、虚拟语气、介词、分词等等,小编收集整理了这些英语语法的一些正误用法比较,考生可参考学习。
不定式
1、中文:为了准时,我们加快了步伐。
(误)So as to be in time we hurried.
(正)In order to be in time we hurried.(so as to只可放在句中,in order to可放在句首或句中。)
2、中文:你说这些话真傻。
(误)It"s very foolish for you to say so.
(正)It"s very foolish of you to say so.(表示评价的形容词被带逻辑主语的不定式修饰时,介词要用of.)
3、中文:你没有告诉他们永远不要做那件事吗?
(误)Didn"t you ask them to never do that?
(正)Didn"t you ask them never to do that?(never要放在to之前。)
4、中文:你没有告诉他们永远不要做那件事吗?
(误)Here is a new book for you to read it.
(正)Here is a new book for you to read.(作形容词用法的带逻辑主语的不定式for you to read的宾语,实际上就是它所修饰的new book,其后不可再加宾语。)
副词
1、中文:这块石头太大了没人能举起它。
(误)Here is a so big stone that no one can lift it.
(正)Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it.(so是副词,修饰形容词,形式是so+形容词+a+单数可数名词。)
2、中文:这花多美啊!
(误)What beautiful the flower is!
(正)How beautiful the flower is!(how用来修饰副词或形容词,而what用来修饰名词。)
3、中文:这工作永远不会被完成。
(误)This job will be never finished.
(正)This job will never be finished.(频率副词在第一个助动词后。)
4、中文:我的弟弟比我高多了。
(误)My brother is very taller than I.
(正)My brother is much taller than I.(very不能修饰比较级;much可以修饰比较级。)
5、中文:我想我七点会在餐厅里见到她。
(误)I think I"ll meet her at 7:00 at the restaurant.
(正)I think I"ll meet her at the restaurant at 7:00.(地方副词在时间副词前。)
6、中文:这房间对你够大的。
(误)This room is enough large for you.
(正)This room is large enough for you.(enough作副词,在被修饰的形容词后。)
所有格
1、中文:你做完功课了吗?
(误)Have you done homework?
(正)Have you done your homework?(表示做功课用do one"s homework.)
2、中文:那些是我们老师的一些书。
(误)Those are some books of our teacher.
(正)Those are some books of our teacher"s.(应用双重所有格形式。)
3、中文:这是我弟弟约翰的书。
(误)This is my brother John book.
(正)This is my brother John"s book.(John是brother的同位语,John的书用John"s book.)
虚拟语气
1、中文:我要是你,我不会那么做。
(误)I shouldn"t do that if I was you.
(正)I shouldn"t do that if I were you.(表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气不能用was,只能用were.)
2、中文:要是我父亲现在在这里,他会告诉我该做什么。
(误)If my father were here now,he will tell me what to do.
(正)If my father were here now,he would tell me what to do.(表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气中,主句的助动词只能用would,might等过去时。)
3、中文:要是我知道她的电话号码,我就会给她打电话了。
(误)If I knew her telephone number,I would have called her.
(正)If I had known her telephone number,I would have called her.(表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气中,条件从句的动词要用过去完成时。)
4、中文:要是昨天没下雨她也许会来。
(误)If it had not rained yesterday,he might come.
(正)If it had not rained yesterday,he might have come.(表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气中,主句的动词要用助动词的过去时might,could等+HAVE+过去分词。)
5、中文:我不认为我会失败,但要是我失败了,我会再努力。
(误)I don"t think that I shall fail. But if I failed,I would try again.
(正)I don"t think that I shall fail. But if I should fail,I would try again.(表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气中,条件从句的动词用should加原形动词。)
介词
1.中文:琼斯先生住在皇后街十号。
(误)Mr. Jones lives on 10 Queen Street.
(正)Mr. Jones lives at 10 Queen Street.(at+门牌号,on+街道名称;两者同时出现以门牌号码为准。)
2.中文:他喜欢在太阳下坐着。
(误)He likes to sit under the sun.
(正)He likes to sit in the sun.(在太阳下用介词in.)
3.中文:面包是由麦子制成的。
(误)Bread is made of wheat.
(正)Bread is made from wheat.(由…制成,of用于成品保持原有性质;from用于成品不再保持原有性质。)
4.中文:每个人都知道他。
(误)He is known by everyone.
(正)He is known to everyone.(be known to是习惯用法,表示为…所熟知。)
5.中文:我们有麻烦。
(误)We are with trouble.
(正)We are in trouble.(有麻烦用in trouble.)
6.中文:他将于七月五日去美国。
(误)He will go to America in July 5.
(正)He will go to America on July 5.(on与某一天连用。)
7.中文:他将于七月五日去美国。
(误)He left home in the morning of 11th.
(正)He left home on the morning of 11th.(morning和某日连用时用on.)
分词
1、中文:他理发了。
(误)He had his hair to be cut.
(正)He had his hair cut.(have,get+宾语+过去分词表示使…被。)
2、中文:他喜欢喝凉开水。
(误)He likes to drink boiling water.
(正)He likes to drink boiled water.(现在分词表示主动,boiling water指正在沸腾的水;过去分词表示完成,boiled water指沸腾过的水。)
3、中文:由于做饭,他看上去累了。
(误)He looked tiring with cooking.
(正)He looked tired with cooking.(tiring表示令人疲倦的,tired表示人被弄疲倦了。)
4、中文:我不能让别人明白我的意思。
(误)I couldn"t make myself understand.
(正)I couldn"t make myself understood.(过去分词表示被动,make myself understood表示使我被别人明白。)
5、中文:昨天早上我上学时见到了我的一个朋友。
(误)I was walking to school yesterday morning,I met a friend of mine.
(正)Walking to school yesterday morning,I met a friend of mine.(前一句如作时间从句缺连词,后一句分词构句表时间。)
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